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Circularity EU27 (technical view)
Global filters · simple/weighted averages · multiple dimensions · formulas with KaTeX · auditable (Eurostat env_wasmun).
2A) KPIs (current subset)
Applied to the current subset and year. The mean follows the aggregation mode.
Base year—applies to all charts
Mean (current mode)—share of
RCYMedian (countries)—unweighted
Top-3 / Bottom-3—simple averages
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2B) Ranking % of active metric
Sorted by RCY. Dashed line = mean of aggregation mode.
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2C) Composition RCY, BIO, INC, LND, Others
Top-5, Median and Bottom-5 (by operation/year). Donuts sum to 100%.
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2D) Trends — % of selected operation
Top-5 (base year) highlighted; EU target (65% RCY) in purple when applicable.
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2E) End-of-line LND + INC (ranking)
The smaller the bar, the more circular the system. Purple line: target ≤10% landfill (2035).
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2F) 100% bars by country (full composition)
Each bar sums to 100% (RCY, BIO, INC, LND, Others). Sorted by active metric.
2G) Small multiples, average evolution (unweighted)
Annual averages of the subset for RCY, BIO, INC and LND.
2H) Trade-off, RCY vs End-of-line
Each point = country. X: RCY (%); Y: LND+INC (%).
2I) Boxplot distribution of active metric
Min · Q1 · Median · Q3 · Max (current subset).
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2J) Correlation between operations
Pearson matrix in the base year (current subset) RCY, BIO, INC, LND, END.
3) Sources and licences (auditable)
- Source: Eurostat — Municipal waste by waste management operations (env_wasmun).
- Extraction date: 2025-09-20. Reuse: CC BY 4.0 in accordance with Eurostat reuse notice. Logos/brands excluded.
- EU targets 2035: Recycling 65% (Directive (EU) 2018/851) · Landfill ≤10% (Directive (EU) 2018/850). Purple lines represent these targets.
- Transformations: shares (%), end-of-line (= LND+INC), “Others” (= 100 − RCY − BIO − INC − LND), statistics and correlations according to formulas.
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Formulas & Methodology
1) Shares by operation
For each country g and year y, the share of operation o is the proportion between that operation’s volume and the total municipal waste treated:
$$ s_{g,y}(o)=100\cdot \frac{V_{g,y}(o)}{\sum_{o'} V_{g,y}(o')} \quad,\qquad \sum_o s_{g,y}(o)=100 $$
If s_{g,y}(o) is not provided by Eurostat, it is derived from absolute values V using the best common unit (priority: PRC > KG_HAB > THS_T > T). “Others” is the residual that completes 100%.
2) Simple mean (per country)
Each country has the same weight, regardless of population size or waste volume:
$$ \bar{s}_y(o)=\frac{1}{|G|}\sum_{g\in G}s_{g,y}(o) $$
3) Weighted mean (by annual total volume)
Countries with higher waste volumes weigh more, ensuring the mean reflects the aggregate:
$$ \tilde{s}_y(o)=100\cdot \frac{\sum_{g\in G}V_{g,y}(o)}{\sum_{g\in G}\sum_{o'}V_{g,y}(o')} $$
4) Derived indicators
End-of-line (non-circular destination) and “Others” are computed as follows:
$$ \mathrm{End}_y(g)= s_{g,y}(\mathrm{LND})+s_{g,y}(\mathrm{INC}) $$
$$ \mathrm{Outros}_y(g)= 100-\sum_{o\in\{\mathrm{RCY,BIO,INC,LND}\}} s_{g,y}(o) $$
Values are limited to the [0,100] interval to ensure visual consistency.
5) Correlation between operations
The Pearson correlation matrix is computed across countries (subset G) for the base year:
$$ \rho(a,b)=\frac{\sum_{g\in G}(s_g-\bar{s})(t_g-\bar{t})}{\sqrt{\sum_{g\in G}(s_g-\bar{s})^2}\sqrt{\sum_{g\in G}(t_g-\bar{t})^2}}, \quad s_g=s_{g,y}(a),\ t_g=s_{g,y}(b) $$
6) Time series & fallback
When the share is unavailable for the selected year, a time-series fallback is used to the closest available year. This is particularly relevant for the End-of-line indicator.
Methodological note: Series may be revised by Eurostat (env_wasmun). Annual results should be read with caution: sharp breaks may reflect statistical revisions rather than real changes in the waste management system.